Steam-generators



JOSEPH HARRISON, JR., OF PHILADELPHIA, PIijbISYIiIANIA.l

Letters Patent No. 80,543, dated Auguste, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT Ili- STEAMGENERATORS= digel tlgthul nient in in ligase ifi-titers dziinit mit nnliiugpintnt tigt tana..

'To vALL wHoM ir MAY ooNonnN: i A

Be it known that LJOSEPH HARRISON, Jr., of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, have invented certain Improvements in Steam-Boilers; and I do` hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactrdescription of the same. Y i

i My invention relates to improvementsV in the steam-boilerfor which Letters Patent were granted to me on the 4th day of October, 1859, and my improvements consist- Firstly,`in the application, to the said boiler, of `compensating units, by which other units, of which the boiler is composed,`arc relieved from undue strains and consequent liability to become fractured. My invention has also for its object the -ready removal andreplacixig of any of the units in the boiler. v I

Secondly, my invention consist-s in combining plain wrought' or cast-iron pipes with the castiron units, as described hereafter, so as to reduce the boiler in weight, without Yany decrease of steam-space.l

In order to enable others skilled inthe art tornake and use my'invention, I will now proceed to describe fthe manncrof carryingthe same into effect, referencebeing had to the accompanying drawing, .which forms u a partof this specification, and in whichf Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent sections of my patented steam-boiler, with'the improvements.

Figure 7, a' diagram, illustrating one ofthe usual plans heretofore adopted of arranging the units, and

` Figure 8, Drawing No. 2,7a section of part of hg. 6, drawn to an, enlarged scale,

Prior tothe present improvements, it has been the practice to construct my patented boiler by tting and securing together what I have termed, in my `aforesaid patent, units of construction, cach unit consisting of hollowglobe's or spheres, unitcdby curved necks, single spheres being occasionally used, but two or more being generally cast together so as to form one unit. A number of these units have been heretofore so arranged and connected together by internal bolts as toform a section, of anydesired length or breadth, and any desired number of these sections, -untcl at the top by connecting steam-pipes, constitute 4the boiler.

A section, suchas it has been my practice, among other plans, to construct prior to my present improvel mcnts`,'is illustrated ,in fig. 7, on reference towhich it will be observed that some units of construction consist of four hollow spheres cast in one piece, others being composed oi' two spheres only, cast together, the latter units being arrangedfbetween the former, and ordinaryrebated joints` being used. When the whole ofthe units have heen scoured together by internal bolts, indicated by dotted lines, the section may be considered equivalent to.one unjointcd mass of cast iron.

As one portion of cach section ot' the boiler is frequently subjected to a greater heat than other'portions,`

an unequal expansion takes place, which subjects some ofthe units to undue strains, and, in sonic instances, to.

fracture at the necks. 4For instance, in iig. T, if the two vertical rows of spheres, A, are subjected to a greater heat than the similar rows i3 the expansion of the portion A will exceed that of the portion B, and, consequently, the 'necks of those units which have four spheres will he subjected to undue strains.

My invention obviatcs this evil in a manner which I will now proceed to describe.

The section illustrated in iig. l consists of one unit, A, composed of four hollow spheres, cast in one piece, theremaining units, b I) b b b, del d d d, and o, consisting euch of two spheres; in other words, two legs-one j composed ofthe units b, andthe other of the units cl-ar'e connected to the upper unit A, and connected together at the bottom by theunit e.

All the units of the section are connected together by plain rebated joints.

It will be observed that the neck of the unit e is'inuch longer than that of the other units, and, consequently, that it must have more elasticity, so that, if one leg of the section composed of the units b expands, through excess of heat, more than the leg composed of the units tZ, the former leg can expand independently of the latter, owing t0 the slight elasticity ofthe neck ofthe unit e, which I have, therefore, termed the compensating unit, as a protection of the other units from undue strains. I prefer, however, to make the joints, a' z, of this unit e, where one portion is connected to one leg of the section, and the other to the other leg of the same, in

the manner illustrated at m,'lig. 8,'a rounded exterior of a portion of one unit bei-ng adapted. to the concave interior edge of anotherunit; in other words, the joints z x are ball-and-soeket joints, which Willpermit the free and independent contraction and expansion of the two legs. l v

It will be evident, on examining the iigs. 2, 3, e', and 5, that the compensating unit may he applied to sections composed of units arranged in a manner differing from that shown in iig. 1, or to a section having some units composed of spheres and others of plain cylindrical tubes, for, when alight boiler is required, I frequently use plain tubes with the units, as shown in figs. 23, and 5,a combination-which forms another feature of my invention. l

What I have, termed the legs of the section may be connected together by a short. compensating unit, e', as shown in figs. 6 and 8. Inv the latter figure, rings, D, intervene between the compensating unit e and the unit-s lf and rl, the union of the rings with the unitsband cl being by a plain rebated joint, li, while the union of the compensating unit and the ring is with ajoint capable of yielding, ora ball-and-socketjoint, as described above.

These rings are not indispensable,.but are used as convenient expedients in fitting up the boiler. Independently of the advantages presented by the compensating units, as a medium for presenting the evil results of variable expansion, it possesses the further advantage of pcrmittingthe ready removal and replacingV of thoseunits which are nearest to the tire, and, consequently, are most likely to require renewal occasionally, without disturbing the entire section. Thus, in iig. 8, should it become neeessary'to remove the section ,all

that is necessary is t o withdraw the bolt z', turn the compensating unit el on one side, while it is still attached tothe other portion of the section by theboltt", and, after the section :lha-s been removed and a new one adjusted' in its place, the compensating unit may be returned to its original `position and secured by the bolt z'.

It is only the lower portion of the sections, or those exposed to the direct action of the lire, which are most liable to variable 'expansion and contraction; hence, the 'upper parts of each section, that is, the portion devoted to steam-space, may consist -of two sections, E F, g. '4, each section being cast in one piece, or even three such upper sections may be used.

I have found, by repeated tests, that when a light boiler is required, plain cast-iron pipes or lap-welded tubes may be used, with goodresults, in combination with the castunits. When this plan is adopted, I take care that the plainpipes are so. arranged as to be more exposed to the tire, and 'below the water-line, and thus act as generators, while the upper castfiron units, enelosing'more space, serve asrcservoirs for the steam.

Sections, consisting of cast-iron units, combined with plain pipes, are illustrated' in figs. 2, 3, ands', in which figures the diagonal lines, x represent the water-lines, as the sections, when fitted to their places,=arc adjusted in an inclined position. l

I claim as my invention, and'desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1, Oompensating units e, combined substantially in the manner and for the purpose described, with a-steain-V boiler constructed in accordance withthat described in the patent granted to me, October 4, 1859.

2. The combination of plain 'cast or wrought-iron pipes with the cast-iron units, in the manner and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this speeication in the presence o f two subscribing witnesses.

JOSEPH HARRISON, Jn.

Witnesses: g

l HQ Howson,

HARRY SMTTH. 

